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CPHGuides :  Domain Names
Domain Names
What Is a Domain Name?


A domain name is a unique alpha-numeric (consisting of letters or numbers or both) name used to identify a particular computer, i.e. web server or mail server on the Internet.

Domain names allow Internet users to type in a name, such as www.mysite.com to identify a numeric address such as 207.46.131.21.

The purpose of domain names is to allow ordinary users connected to the Internet to find web sites and send email to addresses with familiar names such as "mysite.com" or "coolpagehelp.com" without having to memorize the numerical addresses that actually locate the computers or servers on the Internet.
Top Level Domains (TLD)


A top level domain (TLD) is the suffix that is attached to the end of a domain name.  For instance, in the domain name mysite.com, ".com" is the TLD.

There are two types of top-level domains: global and country code. Global Top Level Domains (gTLD) were created to be used by the Internet public, while country code Top Level Domains (ccTLD) were created to be used by each individual country, as they deem necessary.
Global TLD's:

.com  
.net   
.edu   
.mil   
.org
.gov
Examples of Country Code TLD's:

.us (United States)
.de (Germany)
.ca (Canada)
.co.uk (United Kingdom)
.dk (Denmark)
.be (Belgium)
Lower Class Domains


A Lower Class Domain is a domain that is owned by a third world country or a poorer country that is technologically behind the rest of the world.  These countries have a high criminality rate and internet fraud is common and rampant.

Using a Lower Class Domain puts you at risk.  For instance, most online e-commerce websites will "flag" purchases made from a Lower Class Domain, declining the transaction.  Also, the Hosting available in these third world countries is unreliable with frequent service interuptions.
Afghanistan af
Albania al
Algeria dz
Andorra ad
Angola ao
Anguilla ai
Antartica aq
Antigua and Barbuda ag
Argentina ar
Armenia am
Aruba aw
Ascension Island ac
Azerbaijan az
Bahamas bs
Bahrain bh
Bangladesh bd
Barbados bb
Belarus by
Belize bz
Benin bj
Bermuda bm
Bhutan bt
Bolivia bo
Bosnia and Herzegovina ba
Bouvet Island bv
Botswana bw
Brazil br
British Ind. Ocean io
Brunei Darussalam bn
Bulgaria bg
Burkina Faso bf
Burundi bi
C. African Republic cf
Cambodia kh
Cameroon cm
Cap Verde cv
Cayman Islands ky
Chad td
Chile cl
China cn
Christmas Island cx
Cocos Islands cc
Colombia co
Comoros km
Congo cd
Congo Republic of cg
Cook Islands ck
Costa Rica cr
"Cote dIvoire" ci
Croatia/Hrvatska hr
Cuba cu
Cyprus cy
Czech Republic cz
Djibouti dj
Dominica dm
Dominican Republic do
East Timor tp
Ecuador ec
Egypt eg
El Salvador sv
Eritrea er
Estonia ee
Ethiopia et
Falkland Islands fk
Faroe Islands fo
Fiji fj
French Guiana gf
French Polynesia pf
French S. Territories tf
Gabon ga
Gambia gm
Georgia ge
Ghana gh
Gibraltar gi
Greenland gl
Grenada gd
Guadeloupe gp
Guernsey gg
Guatemala gt
Guam gu
Guinea gn
Guinea-Bissau gw
Guinea (Equatorial gq
Guyana gy
Haiti ht
Heard and McDonald I. hm
Honduras hn
Hong Kong hk
Hungary hu
Iceland is
India in
Indonesia id
Iran ir
Iraq iq
Isle of Man im
Israel il
Jamaica jm
Jersey je
Jordan jo
Kenya ke
Kiribati ki
Korea North kr
Kuwait kw
Kazakhstan kz
Kyrgyzstan kg
Laos la
Latvia lv
Lebanon lb
Lesotho ls
Liberia lr
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya ly
Liechtenstein li
Lithuania lt
Luxembourg lu
Macau mo
Macedonia mk
Madagascar mg
Mali ml
Malta mt
Maldives mv
Malawi mw
Malaysia my
Marshall Islands mh
Martinique mq
Mauritania mr
Mauritius mu
Mayotte yt
Mexico mx
Micronesia fm
Moldova Republic of md
Monaco mc
Mongolia mn
Montserrat ms
Morocco ma
Mozambique mz
Myanmar mm
Namibia na
Nauru nr
Nepal np
Netherlands Antilles an
New Caledonia nc
Nicaragua ni
Niger ne
Nigeria ng
Niue nu
Norfolk Island nf
Northern Mariana I. mp
Oman om
Pakistan pk
Palau pw
Palestinian ps
Paraguay py
Panama pa
Papua New Guinea pg
Peru pe
Philippines ph
Pitcairn Island pn
Poland pl
Puerto Rico pr
Qatar qa
Reunion Island re
Romania ro
Russia ru
Rwanda rw
Samoa American as
Samoa Western ws
San Marino sm
Sao Tome and Principe st
Saudi Arabia sa
Senegal sn
Seychelles sc
Sierra Leone sl
Singapore sg
Slovak Republic sk
Slovenia si
Solomon Islands sb
Somalia so
South Georgia gs
Sri Lanka lk
St Kitts and Nevis kn
St Lucia lc
St Helena sh
St Pierre and Miquelon pm
St Vincent and Grenad. vc
Sudan sd
Suriname sr
Svalbard and Jan M.I. sj
Swaziland sz
Syria sy
Tajikistan tj
Tanzania tz
Thailand th
Tokelau tk
Togo tg
Tonga to
Trinidad and Tobago tt
Tunisia tn
Turkmenistan tm
Turks and Caicos I. tc
Turkey tr
Tuvalu tv
Uganda ug
Ukraine ua
United Arab Emirates ae
Uruguay uy
US Minor Outlying I. um
Uzbekistan uz
Vanuatu vu
Vatican City Holy Se va
Venezuela ve
Vietnam vn
Wallis and Futuna Is. wf
Western Sahara eh
Yemen ye
Yugoslavia yu
Zambia zm
Zimbabwe zw
Domain Name Rules


.COM - to be used for commercial and personal sites
.NET - recommended for companies involved in Internet infrastructure
.ORG - recommended for not-for-profit organizations
.MIL - used by the United States Military
.EDU - used by educational institutions
.GOV - used by the United States Government

• Use only letters, numbers, or hyphen ("-")
• Cannot begin or end with a hyphen
• Must have less than 63 characters, not including .COM, .NET and .ORG

(.com, .net and .org domain names exceeding a total of 26 characters are supported by most web browsers. However, certain web browsers, email programs and other Internet related applications (FTP) may not support domain names over 26 characters.)